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Koh-i-Noor
The Mountain of Light or Koh-i-Noor is a diamond that was mined at Vinukonda, in the present state of Andhra Pradesh in India. It was originally 793 carats when uncut. Once the largest known diamond, it is now a 105.6 metric carat diamond, weighing 21.6 grammes in its most recent cut state. The diamond was originally owned by the Kakatiya dynasty, which had installed it in a temple of a Hindu goddess as her eye.〔Deccan Heritage, H. K. Gupta, A. Parasher and D. Balasubramanian, Indian National Science Academy, 2000, p. 144, Orient Blackswan, ISBN 81-7371-285-9〕 The diamond changed hands between various feuding factions in the region several times over the next few hundred years. In 1852, Albert the Prince Consort ordered it cut down from 186 carats. Today the diamond is a part of the Crown of Queen Elizabeth (see British Crown Jewels).〔http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-21623965〕
==History==
Koh-i-Noor is believed to have been mined in the Kollur Mine in the Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh in India during the reign of the Kakatiya dynasty in the 13th century,〔 which installed it in the temple of a Hindu goddess as her eye.〔 In the early 14th century, the army of the Turkic Khilji dynasty began raiding kingdoms of southern India for loot (war spoils).〔C.E.B. Asher and C. Talbot, ''India Before Europe'', Cambridge University Press, 2006, ISBN 0-521-80904-5, (p. 40 )〕〔James Gribble and Mary Pendlebury, , Volume 1, pp. 7–12〕 Malik Kafur, Alauddin Khilji's general, made a successful raid on Warangal in 1310〔R. A. Donkin (1978), Beyond Price: Pearls and Pearl-fishing, American Philosophical Society, ISBN 0-87169-224-4, (p. 171 )〕 where he might have acquired the Koh-i-noor diamond.〔Hermann Kulke and Dietmar Rothermund, A History of India, Edition: 3, Routledge, 1998, p. 160; ISBN 0-415-15482-0, Quote – "Malik Kafur is supposed to have returned to Delhi with such an amount of loot that he needed 1000 camels to carry it. The famous Koh-i-nur diamond is said to have been among these treasures."〕
The diamond remained in the Khilji dynasty and later passed on to the succeeding dynasties of the Delhi Sultanate, until it came into the possession of Babur, a Turco-Mongol war lord, who invaded India and established the Mughal Empire in 1526. He called the stone 'the Diamond of Bābur' at the time, although it had been called by other names before it came into his possession. Both Babur and his son and successor, Humayun, mention in their memoirs the origins of 'the Diamond of Bābur'.
Shah Jahan, the fifth Mughal emperor, had the stone placed into his ornate Peacock Throne. His son, Aurangazeb, imprisoned his ailing father at nearby Agra Fort. While in the possession of Aurangazeb, it was cut by Hortenso Borgia, a Venetian lapidary, who was so clumsy that he reduced the weight of the stone to 186 carats. Legend has it that he had the Koh-i-Noor positioned near a window so that Shāh Jahān could see the Tāj Mahal only by looking at its reflection in the stone.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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